Canine elbow dysplasia

Understanding inherited elbow conditions in dogs.

What is canine elbow dysplasia?

Elbow dysplasia is a common inherited orthopaedic problem in dogs where the elbow doesn’t develop properly.

Elbow dysplasia includes a number of specific abnormalities or problems that affect different areas of the elbow joint. These cause problems by affecting the growth of the cartilage which forms the surface of the joint or the structures around it. Even a small change in the shape of one part of the joint can have major consequences for the joint function, leading to lameness (unable to walk correctly), osteoarthritis (a common form of arthritis), pain and serious effects on the health, behaviour and welfare of the dog.

For more in-depth information on elbow dysplasia download our leaflet (PDF).

Normal elbow joint (flexed)

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Dysplastic elbow joint (flexed)

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Normal elbow joint (extended)

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Dysplastic elbow joint (extended)

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What are the signs?

Signs of elbow dysplasia in dogs vary between individuals and breeds. Some visible signs include:

Decreased range of motion
Limping
Unwilling to exercise
Unusual movement after rest or exercise
Groaning while resting or getting up
Signs of pain when moving the elbow

A vet's physical examination will provide a more reliable assessment and radiography is the only way of determining whether a dog has elbow dysplasia.

Can elbow dysplasia be treated?

It is possible to ease some of the signs of pain and limitation of movement caused by elbow dysplasia. Treatment methods vary depending on the nature and severity of the problem. Non-surgical treatment can involve weight restriction and exercise control. Drugs may be used to relieve pain and inflammation. In some dogs, surgery and/or physiotherapy may be advised.

Talk to your vet if you notice any signs of elbow dysplasia.

Breeding for health

All pedigree and crossbred dogs can suffer from inherited diseases which are passed on from parent to puppy.

Health testing and screening allows owners and breeders to screen for inherited diseases, the results can then be used to help make sure that only healthy dogs are bred from. Responsible breeders should always health test the dogs they plan to use for breeding. To make sure you are buying a happy and healthy puppy, always ask to see the relevant health test results for both parents.

Learn more about elbow screening